In relation to the ACB AHP SGP objectives, social and economic development planning is investment led and largely directed towards development. There is less emphasis on the strategic environmental impact of development. Climate change, at the district level is less well-understood and as a result developments risk discounting ecosystem goods and services and the AHP does not appear to be well-integrated into the LSEDP.
Kon Tum province is important in economic cooperation and development with provinces on the East-West economic corridor. Economic growth is high (16-17% between 2016-2020) with the industry and construction sector and services sector expected to grow more than forestry and agriculture with correspondingly high rates of urbanisation. There have been, and continues to be a high rate of in-migration from other areas in Vietnam placing additional pressures on local ecosystem goods and services and land.
The LESDP prioritises economic development. Resilience of ecosystem goods and services is not central to the planning at the provincial and district level and an important objective of the SGP II should be to demonstrate mainstreaming ecosystem resilience into the planning process. Importantly, the SGs should raise awareness, through education and demonstration, that ecosystem resilience and socio-economic development need not be mutually exclusive, especially in areas such as farm inputs or water provisioning. Furthermore, there is little integration of the AHP into the larger LESDP.
An important aspect of the SGP should be to raise the general awareness of climate change in order to climate-proof social and economic development planning with emphasis on mitigation and adaptation to the effects of global warming. To this end, there is a focus on capacity building and the use of the small grants to support the process of adapting and setting the framework for sustainable and mutually supporting micro-grant funded interventions.
The SGs will need to focus on supporting the process of developing local community forest management, strengthening the sustainability aspect of tourism development to support local community resilience and capitalising on the biodiversity values of the AHP as these become increasingly hard to find in other settings in Viet Nam.
3.2 Brief Overview of the Plan
The focuses of the socio-economic development plan in the period of 2021-2025 at provincial and district levels are summarized in the following Table 8. Detail of the plans are to found in Annex 7.
The buffer zone of CMRNP is located in the area of 5 communes and 1 town of Sa Thay district and 3 communes of Ngoc Hoi district. The key objectives of socio-economic development in the buffer zone communes of CMRNP are summarized in the Table 9. The detailed natural and socio-economic situation and development of the buffer zones are described in the
| Provincial level | The Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) in the period 2021-2025 will grow by over 10% per year. The GRDP per capita will reach over 70 million VND State budget revenue in the province will increase by 8.2% per year and reach over 5,000 billion VND by 2025. Total export value will reach about 250 million USDBy 2025, the natural population growth rate will be less than 12‰, the poverty rate will decrease by 3-4%/year.The rate of trained employees will be over 60%, in which vocational training will be over 44%.Mortality rate of children under 5 years old is under 51‰ and children under 1 year old is under 32.5‰. The rate of stunting malnutrition of children under 5 years old is under 34%. By 2025, forest cover (with multi-target trees) will reach 64%.The rate of rural areas using hygienic water will reach 95%. The rate of production and business establishments meeting environmental standards will be over 85%. The rate of solid waste collected and treated in urban areas will be over 90%. | |
| District level | Sa Thay | Ngoc Hoi |
| The economic growth rate is expected to reach 18-19% per year in the period of 2021-2025.Per capita income will be over 60 million VND in 2025.Consolidating healthcare and medical systems, improving local people’s accessibility to essential medical services. Increasing investment in facilities, equipment and human resources for general clinics in Ro Koi commune and key specialties of the district hospital.The malnutrition rate of underweight children was less than 15% and all rural households used hygienic water.By 2020, the rate of trained workers reached over 55%, of which vocational training reached over 40%. By 2026, treating about 100% of domestic waste; manageing and treating 100% of industrial and medical wastes.Forest coverage is expected to reach over 70% by 2025. | The economic growth rate will be reached 15-16% in the period of 2021-2025.Per capita income was about 54-57 million VND in 2020 and will reach 126-138 million VND in 2025.Natural population growth rate will decrease by about 1.4% in the period of 2021-2025.Increasing rate of trained labours to about 65% by 2025.Reducing the poverty rate by 3-4% per year. The rate of solid waste in urban areas collected and treated hygienically will reach 100% by2025. Keeping the district’s forest cover stable around 57-58%. |
Table 8. Key contents in the socio-economic development plan at provincial and district levels in CMR NP in the period of 2021-2025
Table 9. Key objectives in socio-economic development in buffer zone communes of CMRNP in the period of 2021-2026
| District | Commune | Key objectives of socio-economic development |
| Sa Thay | Sa Nhon | Effectively mobilizing and using investment resources for infrastructure and socio-economic development. Continuing to improve the quality of human resources and applying science and technology in production activities.Continuing to reform administrative procedures, improving the operational efficiency of the administrative offices.Focusing on investing in the fields of culture, art, physical training and sports, and developing the social security and welfare system for local people.Strengthening management and exploitation of natural resources, protecting the environment and preventing natural disasters. |
| Sa Thay | Sa Son | Average food per capita is 456 kg/person/year and average income is 53 million VND/person/yearIncreasing the total area for agricultural, forestry and fishery production to 1994.35 ha, of which the area of annual crops is 778 ha. The aquaculture area is guaranteed to reach 13 hectares and the total herd of cattle and poultry is over 7290 heads.Reducing by 0.3% of children under 5 years of age who are malnourished. Ensuring the rate of 5-year-old preschool students entering grade 1 reaches 100%, the rate of primary school students completing the class program reaches 99%, and the rate of secondary school students going straight to class is over 98%. Regularly raising awareness for local people to know the laws on forest protection and forest fire prevention, to have a sense of protecting natural resources and the environment, to well implement the policy of allocating land and forests to the people. |
| Sa Thay | Mo Rai | The average income per capita is about 21 million VND/person/year. Increasing the total plant area over 7,534 ha, of which, the annual crop area is 601 ha and the perennial crop area is 6,230. Increasing the total herd of buffaloes over 110 heads, cows over 1,657 heads, pigs over two months old over 592 heads, goats over 718 heads and poultry herds over 18,000 heads. Improving the quality of education, especially the quality of education for ethnic minority students. Ensuring 100% of school-age children go to school and improve the quality of teachers and educational administrators. The natural population growth rate is about 1.01%. Ensuring 100% of essential medical supplies for people’s initial medical examination and treatment. |
| Sa Thay | Ro Koi | Ensuring an average annual economic growth rate of 15%. The total structure of agriculture, forestry and fishery accounts for 75%, handicrafts-construction 10%, trade and service accounts for 20%; The production of grain crops by 2025 is about 970 tons.The average food per capita is 159.57 kg/person/year. The average per capita income in 2025 is 45 million VND/person/year. The total area of agriculture, forestry and fishery is 4,015 ha. Total herd of cattle and poultry 1,316. headsEnsuring 98% of households use hygienic water. Reduce the poverty rate to less than 7%. The rate of students in the age group mobilized to class reached over 98%. Natural population growth rate decreased to 9.36% and the rate of malnourished children is less than 10%. |
| Sa Thay | Ya Xier | Increasing the area of perennial crop and fruit trees; developing livestock and poultry farming, and encouraging people to participate in afforestation. Focusing on developing medicinal plants; building a number of pilot models to guide households to renovate mixed gardens and plant some trees of economic value in the family’s residential land.The target by 2025, the per capita income of Ya Xier commune will reach 28 million VND/year. |
| Sa Thay | Sa Thay town | By 2025, the urban construction area will be developed to about 1,100 ha, of which the civil land in for urban population is about 650.4 ha, the non-residential land is 277.6 ha and the other land is 172 ha.Focusing on development of landscape eco-tourism areas (green parks, pine hills, memorials and lakes) to create a connection between nature and other urban architectural spaces. Developing ethnic minority villages (Ka Du village and Kleng village). Promoting cultural identity, customs and habits of ethnic minorities, creating architectural highlights and creating cultural diversity.Ensuring an average annual economic growth of 15.12% and a per capita income of about 59.8 million VND/year. Ensure 100% of schools meet national standards. |
| Ngoc Hoi | Sa Loong | By 2026, per capita income per year will reach 47 million VND. Reducing the poverty rate to less than 3%. Increasing the total area of annual crops to over 716 ha, the total area of perennial crops to over 2,366.3 ha and the total area of forestry trees to over 447.6 ha. Increase the total herd of cattle over 4,890 heads and poultry about 13,000 heads. Developing eco-tourism at Bun Ngai dam and commercial service center in Cao Son village.Focusing on improving school facilities and education quality. Improving the quality of medical examination and treatment at health stations. Reducing the rate of stunting in children to 19%. Ensure 100% of children under 1 year of age are fully immunized with all types of vaccines. Vocational training for 175 employees (according to the project 1956). |
| Ngoc Hoi | Bo Y | Ensuring that the total area of annual crops reaches over 1,135 ha, the area of perennial crops reaches over 3,768 ha and increasing the total herd of cattle over 3,500 heads and poultry over 13,600 heads.Exploiting tourism potentials in the area of three-border landmark, Bo Y International Border Gate, Dak Hnieng dam in association with ethnic minority cultural village of Dak Me.Focusing on taking care of people’s health, improving the quality of education and promoting vocational training and job creation for young people. Reduce the population growth rate to less than 3% and poor households decrease to less than 110 households. Per capita income is over 43 million VND. The rate of underweight malnutrition in children under 5 years old decreased to less than 15%. Developing school infrastructure and improve education quality. Ensuring the maintenance of three levels of schools including kindergarten, primary and secondary schools. |
| Ngoc Hoi | Dak Kan | Increasing the total annual food production to over 1,772 tons and the average food per capita to reach 310 kg/person/year. Increasing per capita income to over 42 million VND/person/year.Reducing the rate of underweight children under 5 years old to less than 15%. The rate of poor household would annually reduced by 1.5-2% per year. By 2025, ensuring that all villages in the commune have teams to manage, collect and treat waste in the right places.Maintaining and improving the school’s criteria to reach the national standard level 1 and upgrading 2 schools up to the national standard level 2. |
3.3 Existing Facilities / Infrastructure Supporting the Livelihood Development
The buffer zone of CMRNP covers an area of about 88,925.6 ha in the area of 8 communes and 1 town in Sa Thay and Ngoc Hoi districts. Key information on infrastructure in the buffer zone of the park is summarized in this section.
- Traffic system
The road traffic system plays an important role in the management and protection of forests as well as in daily life and production of local people. The main traffic routes in the buffer zone of the park include:
- Provincial roads and national highways (79.5 km):
- National Highway 14C connects Mo Rai commune – Ngoc Hoi district
- Provincial road DT675 from Kon Tum city – Sa Thay town – Sa Nhon commune – Ro Koi commune – Ngoc Vin pass intersection.
- Provincial road DT674 connects Sa Thay town – Sa Son – Mo Rai
- The border patrol route (50 km) running along the western boundary of the park has been concreted.
- Roads serving forest protection and fire prevention and fighting, combined with ecotourism in the NP, are more than 90 km long, mainly dirt roads.
- Energy and communication systems
To date, the electricity power grid has reached all villages in the buffer zone of CMRNP. Currently, all households have electricity for living and doing business. Some forest protection and management stations of CMRNP such as Ya Tri station and Yakrei station currently do not have electricity to the grid because they are far from residential areas. These stations are currently using electricity from solar energy.
The communication system is widely covered in the buffer zone of CMRNP. All communes and towns in the area have access to information, postal and telecommunications services and phone coverage with few exceptions such as Ya Tri station, Yakrei station.
- Water supply, drainage and solid waste collection and treatment
People in the buffer zone communes of Chu Mom Ray National Park mainly use natural water sources from streams, rainwater and drilled wells. In the dry season, people often lack water or use unsanitary water. Currently, Sa Thay town is implementing a clean water project with a scale of supplying clean water to most people in the center of Sa Thay town. Sa Thay district plans to collect and transport waste from households and organizations to the garbage dump and treated in Kon Tum city.
Capital sources for economic, social and environmental development activities in the buffer zone communes in particular and Kon Tum province in general are from 3 main sources including (1) state budget capital, (2) non-budget capital government policy, and (3) foreign direct investment (Table 10).
Table 10. Funding resources in Kon Tum province
Unit: billion VND
| ID | Capital | 2016-2020 | 2021-2025 |
| 1 | State capital | 19,778 | 31,383 |
| 2 | Non-state capital | 42,269 | 86,289 |
| 3 | International directed investment capital | 282 | 328 |
| Total | 62,329 | 118,000 |
Kon Tum province will strengthen cooperation and mobilize foreign non-governmental aid. Mobilizing Official Development Assistance (ODA) capital with highly preferential conditions to support socio-economic development. Using capital to invest in infrastructure development, urban development and smart agriculture projects to attract domestic and foreign private investment.