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Annexes

ANNEX 1.

Concept and Definition of FPIC[1]

Founded in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), FPIC is required under ESS 7 when a proposed project will have adverse effects on lands and natural resources subject to traditional ownership or under customary use/occupation; or result in the relocation of indigenous peoples from their traditional or customary lands and resources; or have significant impacts on the cultural heritage of indigenous peoples.

FPIC builds on the process of meaningful consultation and is established through good faith negotiation. While there is no universally accepted definition of FPIC, it is widely regarded as a process rather than a specific outcome, and both process and outcomes should be carefully documented. FPIC terms are defined by UNDRIP:

Notably, FPIC does not require unanimous decision-making within the indigenous population. There may be individuals or groups within (or among) affected indigenous people who explicitly disagree. Within the context of ESS 7, consent is understood to refer to “the collective support” of indigenous peoples for the project activities that affect them, as reached through a culturally appropriate process.

FPIC Process

There are some available guidelines from various development projects to conduct FPIC. The proposed/recommended steps below can be used as references.

Step 1: identify the planner.

This step is intended to recognize who are the developers of the project. Since SGP II has multi-stakeholders engagement, the identified planners include the PMU, BCA, national park management, Service Providers, ACB, GITEC, and other assigned consultants.

Step 2: Information from the project developers

In this step, some of the important information such as the results of the environmental and social impact assessments should be provided. The documents can be translated into the local languages so that the communities will understand clearly. Some aspects to be included are the information of the project, its potential impacts, and what the project developers will do to prevent or reduce the risks. Additionally, the benefits of the projects should be also inclusively communicative.

Step 3: hold discussions with the communities

The discussion in the initial stage of the program implementation is important. For this case, the SPs can communicate the design of the program to the communities, including the proposals from the proponents whether will be suitable for the needs of the communities or not. This will help everybody understand the potential benefits and impacts the project may have. The agreement should be reached and documented.

Step 4: Negotiation

The communities may negotiate and convey their concerns on the project proposals or implementations. This process should be well documented by the SPs.

Step 5: Ongoing communications

The communities should be involved in the progress of the program implementation and their views should be taken into account.

ANNEX 2

Annual capital of KKKNP in the 2015-2020 period

Unit: VND

Year Total Source of income
State budget

 Payment of PFES Other sources
2015 19,004,700,000 10,785,000,000 8,219,700,000  
2016 16,998,200,000 10,000,000,000 6,998,200,000  
2017 17,779,796,000 5,000,000,000 8,225,800,000 4,553,996,000
2018 24,421,583,000 6,000,000,000 14,041,900,000 4,379,683,000
2019 29,281,700,000 9,000,000,000 15,980,800,000 4,300,900,000
2020 15,351,200,000   15,351,200,000  
Total 122,837,179,000 40,785,000,000 68,817,600,000 13,234,579,000

ANNEX 3

Rare plant species of KKKNP listed in the Vietnam Red Data Book and IUCN Red List

Kon Ka Kinh National Park currently has 138 endemic and threatened higher plant species listed in the Vietnam Red Data Book and IUCN Red List. Among them, 28 species are truly threatened on a global scale, 5 species are classified as Critically Endangered (CR), 8 species are classified as Endangered (EN) and 15 species are classified as Vulnerable (VU). Threatened higher plant species at national level are 62, including 4 species classed as Critically Endangered (CR), 26 species classed as Endangered (EN) and 32 species classed as Vulnerable (VU). In addition, there are 7 species listed in IA list and 12 species listed in IIA according to Decree No.06/2019/ND-CP of the Government and 47 species are endemic to the region and country (Kon Ka Kinh National Park, 2021 ) .

Number of rare plant species in KKKNP

    Category
  Total CR EN VU IA IIA
Vietnam Red Data Book 62 4 26 32    
IUCN Red List (2016) 28 5 8 15    
Decree 06/2019/ND-CP 19       7 12

ANNEX 4

Number of rare animal species in KKKNP

Animal class List   Hierarchy
Total LR/LC NT CR EN VU IB IIB
Mammals Vietnam Red Data Book 34     3 13 15    
IUCN Red List (2016) 29     1 7 12    
Decree 06/2019/ND-CP 30           21 9
Birds Vietnam Red Data Book 12 4     1 7    
IUCN Red List (2016) 12 1 7   1 3    
Decree 06/2019/ND-CP 19           5 14
Reptiles, frogs Vietnam Red Data Book 1         1    
IUCN Red List (2016) 10              
Decree 06/2019/ND-CP 0              

(Source: KKKNP, 2021)

ANNEX 5

Summary of violations on forest management and protection in 2017-2019 period

Violation 2017 2018 2019 Total
Illegal logging of forests 02 cases 0 04 cases , of which
01 case is prosecuted		 06 cases
Illegal transportation of forest products 0 01 case 03 cases 04 cases
Storing forest products against state regulations 04 cases 06 cases 01 case 11 cases
Violating the State’s general regulations on forest protection 02 cases 01 case 0 03 cases
Total 08 cases  08 cases 08 cases  

ANNEX 6

The management and protection of forests and biodiversity conservation of KKKNP includes the following activities:

ANNEX 7

A Description of forest management types

Vietnam’s forests are divided into three categories (MOF 1991a,b): 

  1. (a)  Production Forests. These are forested areas which can be allocated to any organisation or individual (with management requirements and harvesting regulations) for domestic commercial timber needs as stipulated in Vietnam’s Forestry Law, Articles 28-34; 
  2. (b)  Protection Forests. These forested areas can be allocated to forestry agencies, people’s committees, or to the people directly, for the main purposes of watershed protection, soil- erosion control, and foreshore protection with special provisions as per Articles 35-37; and 
  3. (c)  Special-use Forests (Protected Areas). These are forested lands allocated for environmental conservation, tourism, educational purposes, national defence and other special uses. These lands can be allocated to organisations and agencies in the state forestry sector which are expected to generate revenues outside of the strict protection areas and follow management procedures as per Articles 39-41. Special-use Forests are further subdivided into:
    1. (i)  Cultural and Historical Sites intended to preserve and maintain areas of national and cultural interest and importance; 
    2. (ii)  Nature Reserves intended to preserve all representative vegetation types and conserve biodiversity; and 
    3. (iii)  National Parks intended to protect and conserve all major wildlife and habitat types found within Vietnam.

ANNEX 8

Details of the budget for specific activities of SFMP

No. Activity Unit Quantity (2021-2030) Unit price (million VND/ten years) Budget Allocation (million VND)
I PLAN FOR EXISTING FOREST PROTECTION             123,571
1.1 Forest protection and management contract Ha     17,950.0            4,0         71,800
1.2 Forest nurturing Ha 24                366
1.3 Support for forces participating in forest protection Time 1.200            4,8           5,760
1.4 Forest protection contract (those who do not receive salary from the state budget; Estimated highest payment including insurances 5,000,000 VND/person) Person/10 years 250          72,9         18,225
1.5 Financial support for inter-sectoral forces of communes participating in forest protection Commune 60            5,0              300
1.6 Propaganda to raise awareness of communities in the buffer zone                 9,600
1.7 Training course for staffs                    740
1.8 Meetings for summary of forest management work Meeting 10 50              500
1.9 Conference on biodiversity of KKKNP after 20 years of establishment Meeting 1                300
1.10 Install panels and print document on forest protection propaganda                 5,512
1.11 Overtime Allowance, fees for contact information (serving forest protection, forest fire prevention and fighting) Year 10             9,148
1.12 Fuel for the work of inspection, patrolling, urging, guiding forest protection and forest fire prevention and fighting Year 10          132,0           1.320,0
II FOREST DEVELOPMENT PLAN               12.262,7
2.1 Newly planting forest with native species on land without forest Ha 100          77,7           7.770,0
2.2 Enrich natural forests Ha 100          44,9           4.492,7
III PLAN OF FOREST FIRE PREVENTION AND FIGHTING             6.500,560
3.1 Develop yearly plan of forest fire prevention and fighting Year 10            5,0                50,0
3.2 Training courses on forest fire prevention and fighting for staff of the National Park Course 20          30,0              600,0
3.3 Practise forest fire fighting Course 6          56,0              336,0
3.4 Controlled pre-combustion (reduction of combustible material) Km 285          9,26           2.639,1
3.5 Editing and printing maps for forest protection, forest fire prevention and fighting Map sheet 400            0,5              200,0
3.6 Triangle signage for fire ban, banning cutting of trees  and banning forest burning Signage 1.200            0,2              192,0
3.7 Firebreak Km 307            8,1           2.483,5
IV SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, HUMAN RESOURCES TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT               16.370,0
4.1 Scientific research               12.800,0
  Investigation and conservation of medicinal plant resources and potential of  planting the medicinal plants in KKKNP Project 1     1.800,0           1.800,0
  Project “Investigation, planning for conservation and sustainable use of non-timber forest products in KKKNP” Project 1     2.000,0           2.000,0
  Project “Conservation of Truong Son muntjac (Muntiacus truongsonensis) in KKKNP” Project 1     1.500,0           1.500,0
  Project “Conservation and development of Pterocarpus macrocarpus in KKKNP” Project 1     1.500,0           1.500,0
  Investigate and monitor primates Program 1     3.000,0           3.000,0
  Investigate and monitor small animals with claws Program 1     2.000,0           2.000,0
  Investigate the distribution of gymnosperms in KKKNP Program 1     1.000,0           1.000,0
4.2 Plan for human resources training and development                 3.570,0
  Send staff to intensive training on animals and plants for serving conservation work Person 8          60,0              480,0
  Send staff to participate in training on rescue and conservation of flora and fauna Person 4          20,0                80,0
  Support for training postgraduate researchers Person 4          60,0              240,0
  Professional skills training and physical training for the forest protection force Class 10          40,0              400,0
  Organize experiential learning sessions in national parks of Vietnam and national parks of foreign countries Year 5        100,0              500,0
  Organize professional training courses on ecotourism development for staff of the Center for Environmental Education and PFES class 4          30,0              120,0
  GIS technology training for staff of the Department of Science and International cooperation and the forest protection force Class 30          30,0              900,0
  Training for improvement of English skills of KKKNP’s staff. Class 5          60,0              300,0
  Learning Bahnar language Person 50          10,0              500,0
  Training on tissue culture Person 1          50,0                50,0
V PLAN FOR CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANISMS               10.655,2
5.1 New establishment of permanent plots for studying forest succession Permanent forest plot 5        250,0           1.250,0
5.2 Inventory and monitor biodiversity; protect and rescue endangered and rare forest animals and plants Year 10        150,0           1.500,0
5.3 Book of monitoring activities of raising endangered, precious and rare forest animals, endangered wild animals in the CITES Appendices, and common wild animals. Models 16A, 16B, 16C, 16D Book 100          0,08                  8,0
5.4 Procurement of surveillance equipment (Cameras) Equipment 1          30,0                30,0
5.5 Plant conservation                 4.267,2
  Conservation of endangered, precious and rare plant species; and development of population growth of native plants Program 10     3.610,0           3.610,0
  Investigation and monitoring of pests and diseases in planted forests for conserving biodiversity Program 9        466,0              466,0
  Care and conservation of endangered and rare plant species that have been rescued and planted for conservation (4ha) Ha 17        191,2              191,2
5.6 Animal conservation                 3.600,0
  Investigate the current distribution status of otter species in KKKNP and propose measures to conserve and protect them Program 1        400,0              400,0
  Investigate the current distribution status of  turtle species in KKKNP and propose measures to conserve and protect them Program 1        400,0              400,0
  Investigate the current distribution status of  Pangolin species in KKKNP and propose measures to conserve and protect them Program 1        400,0              400,0
  Investigate to establish a list of fish species in KKKNP Program 1        400,0              400,0
  Investigate the current distribution status of  Marbled cat species in KKKNP and propose measures to conserve and protect them Program 1        400,0              400,0
  Receiving wild animals from forest law violations or voluntarily handed over from people Animal 200        600,0              600,0
  Take care of wild animals from forest law violations or voluntarily handed over from people Animal 300        900,0              900,0
  Release of wild animals from forest law violations or voluntarily handed over from people Animal 150        100,0              100,0
VI PLAN FOR ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT               50.500,0
6.1 Reviewing and supplementing the project of ecotourism in KKKNP until 2020 and a vision to 2030 Project 1        500,0              500,0
6.2 Project of ecotourism in KKKNP in the 2021-2025 period Project 1           50.000,0
VII PLAN FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE BUFFER ZONE             27.883,65
7.1 Support for socio-economic development in the buffer zone according to the Government’s Decision No. 24/2012/QD-TTg Hamlet/Village 18          40,0           7.200,0
7.2 Building demonstration models of agricultural and forestry extension in villages in the buffer zone Model 18        200,0           3.600,0
7.3 Support for planting scattered trees and building green boundaries for the planning area for agricultural production land (swidden cultivation) near KKKNP Ha 750          20,0         15.000,0
7.4 Training for raising community awareness of buffer zone villages on forest protection Session 50          21,7           1.083,7
7.5 Support for training and restoration of traditional jobs and indigenous culture Village 2        500,0           1.000,0
VIII PLAN FOR CONSTRUCTION OF INFRASTRUCTURE               74.762,0
8.1 Forest protection and management infrastructure development               42.800,0
– Defining real boundaries at field locations Package 2        750,0           1.500,0
– Put additional boundary landmarks in the field Landmark 150          10,0           1.500,0
– Boundary boards Board 10          50,0              500,0
  Upgrading and Renovating the external power line to KKKNP Package 1             1.700,0
  Upgrading and renovating fiber optic cables and telephone lines in KKKNP Package 1             1.500,0
  Building a system of high-tech application in monitoring, forecasting, forest management and protection, forest fire prevention and fighting, and forest development Package 1           10.000,0
  House for training forest protection forces Package 1             5.000,0
  Renovating and upgrading forest guard stations Station 9             1.350,0
  Building forest guard posts and stopover stations in ecotourism routes Post 10        250,0           2.500,0
  Renovating and upgrading roads to KKKNP km 10           10.000,0
  Internal road in administrative service subdivision km 5             5.000,0
  Upgrading and renovating the fence system of KKKNP Headquarters Package 1             1.000,0
  Official houses for temporary residents m2 250             1.250,0
8.2 Constructions for protection and rescue of endangered, precious and rare forest plants and animals and scientific research, and scientific research.                 9.500,0
  Upgrading and expanding Center for Rescue, Conservation and Creature Development Package 1             5.000,0
  Building house for tissue culture with equipment m2 100             3.000,0
  Upgrading and renovating plant nurseries Package 1                500,0
  Upgrading and renovating botanical garden of KKKNP Package 1             1.000,0
8.3 Facilities for forest fire prevention and fighting               13.752,0
  Upgrading and renovating weirs for forest fire prevention and fighting combined with ecotourism development Package 1             5.000,0
  Repair and maintenance of roads for forest protection patrolling km 30        250,0           7.500,0
  Water pipeline serving forest fire fighting km 3                600,0
  Construction and repair of fire watchtowers Watchtower 6          30,0              180,0
  New construction of forest fire level forecast board Board 4          30,0              120,0
  Repair of forest fire level forecast board Board 20            5,0              100,0
  Building forest fire prevention and fighting regulation boards Board 400            0,6              252,0
8.4 Facilities serving eco-tourism and forest environmental services                 8.710,0
  Upgrading and repairing the Environmental Education Center and guest houses; flora and fauna museum and equipment Package 3             3.000,0
  Flower garden of administrative service subdivision Package 1             2.000,0
  Fixing the billboard of the National Park Board 2          30,0                60,0
  Building concrete boards (interpretation of forest environment) on patrol routes for propagating forest protection combined with ecotourism Board 50          50,0           2.500,0
  Building landscape and wildlife observation huts on ecotourism routes Hut 3        300,0              900,0
  Upgrading and repairing the physical models in KKKNP (current state of forests, patrol roads, ecotourism routes, infrastructure works…) Physical models 1        250,0              250,0
IX PLAN FOR PRORECUREMENT EQUIPMENT               20.000,0
9.1 Pick-up trucks for forest fire prevention and fighting, and wildlife rescue Pickup truck 1     1.500,0           1.500,0
9.2 Solar lights for administrative service areas, forest guard stations,  forest guard posts on patrol routes Solar light 100            3,0              300,0
9.3 Medical equipment, tools and supplies serving the management of forest management and protection, forest fire prevention and fighting. Year 10        400,0           4.000,0
9.4 Kits and equipment for biodiversity investigation and monitoring (camera trap, camera, video recorder, moisture meter, light meter, wind speed meter; silvicultural tool kit: tape measure, circumference ruler, diameter tape, suunto machine, wood-stock measurement device, etc) Year 2        500,0           1.000,0
9.5 Procurement of equipment to support ecotourism development and forest protection propaganda Year 10             1.700,0
9.6 Procurement of clothes, labor protection equipment Year 10        200,0           2.000,0
9.7 Procurement of tools used for forest protection and forest fire prevention and fighting Year 10        250,0           2.500,0
9.8 Procurement of office equipment (desk, chair, file cabinet, copier, computer, printer, color printer, scanner…) Year 10        300,0           3.000,0
9.9 Procurement of equipment to apply forestry science in forest protection (Flycam, surveillance cameras, tablets, smartphones, etc) Year 10        300,0           3.000,0
9.10 Expenses for repairing vehicles and equipment for forest protection, forest fire prevention and fighting Year 10        100,0           1.000,0
  TOTAL           342.505,11

ANNEX 9

The existing infrastructure items of KKKNP

(Unit: Million VND)

No. Infrastructure Unit Quantity Year of construction Total investment capital Divided by capital sources
State budget Other
  Total       43.587 43.587  
I  Facilities serving the management 25.915 25.915  
1 Office of the national park management board m2 535 2005 1.390 1390  
2 Forest guard station Station 9 2005-2019 3.552 3.552  
3 System of billboards and propaganda boards Board 30 2013-2019 1.234 1.234  
4 Patrol roads, internal roads Km 45; 6,2 2012-2019 19.739 19.739  
II Facilities serving forest fire prevention and fighting 6.693 6.693  
1 Forest fire watchtowers Watchtower 3 2012-2019 300 300  
2 Forest fire level forecast Board Board 10 2010-2019 300 300  
3 Water tanks and weirs serving forest fire fighting Tank, weir 01 2009 6.093 6.093  
III Facilities serving scientific research 7.365 7.365  
1 Office of Center for creatures rescue m2 95 2011 300 300  
2 Flora and faunna museum m2 1100 2014 6.565 6.565  
3 Botanical garden ha 100 2005-2012 500 500  
IV Facilities serving ecotourism and environmental education 3.614 3.614  
1 Office of Center for ecotourism and environmental education m2 200 2010 700 700  
2 Eco-lodge m2 400 2016 2.208 2.208  
3 Rest stop on eco-tourism routes m2 85 2018 506 506  
4 Boards of introduction and guiding on the tourism routes in forest environmental rental areas Board 28 2018 200 200  

(Source: KKKNP, 2021. Sustainable Forest Management Plan)

List of Vehicles and equipment

(Unit: million VND)

No. item Unit Quantity Year of procurement Total investment capital  
 
I Serving forest management and protection    
1 Desks and chairs set 10 2019 50,0  
2 Document cabinet cabinet 40 2013-2018 116,0  
3 Desktop Desktop 8 2013 89,0  
4 Laptop Laptop 8 2019 116,0  
5 Printer Printer 16 2017 48,0  
6 Photocopiers Photocopiers 1 2017 76,0  
7 Projector Projector 1 2019 17,0  
8 Digital camera camera 4 2017 34,0  
9 GPS locator GPS locator 20 2017-2019 219,0  
10 Binoculars Binocular 19 2013 95,0  
11 Compass Compass 20 2017 10,0  
12 Small capacity generator generator 3 2020 93,0  
13 Motorcycle Motorcycle 41 2013-2018 943,0  
14 Tear Gas Gun Gun 15 2013-2017 120,0  
15 Slingshot Slingshot 18 2013-2017 144,0  
16 Spray bottle BX4 Spray bottle BX4 80 2015-2019 101,0  
17 Spray bottle BX6 Spray bottle BX6 60 2019 30,0  
18 Rubber Baton Baton 19 2015 4,5  
19 Metal Baton Baton 10 2015 9,1  
20 Electric baton baton 23 2017 7,0  
21 Shackle Shackle 40 2015-2017 2,5  
II Serving forest fire prevention and fighting    
1 Gasoline saw saw 2 2017 36,0  
2 Vegetable cutting machine machine 7 2017 84,0  
3 Fire extinguisher Fire extinguisher 12 2014 5,0  
4 Fire rake Fire rake 140 2019 58,0  
5 Fire fighting broom broom 360 2019 126,0  
6 Knife Knife 100 2019 35,0  

(Source: KKKNP, 2021. Sustainable Forest Management Plan)

ANNEX 10

Details of socio-economic development plan at provincial, district and commune levels

Provincial Plan

The five-year socio-economic development plan in the period of 2021-2025 of Gia Lai province was promulgated according to Plan No. 933/KH-UBND dated July 12, 2021 of the Gia Lai Provincial People’s Committee. The main objectives of socio-economic development plan in the period of 2021-2025 in Gia Lai province includes:

Gia Lai province focuses on preserving and promoting the traditional cultural values of ethnic minority communities. The exploitation, preservation and embellishment of typical cultural heritages have been implemented in an association with tourism development and protection of environmental resources. The province also pays attention on developing traditional crafts and building craft villages. In addition, Gia Lai province promotes tourism development, thus the province advocates protecting the ecological environment as a foundation for eco-tourism development. According to Decision No. 525/QD-UBND of Gia Lai PPC dated 4/8/2016 on approving master planning of tourism development of Gia Lai province until 2020 and a vision to 2030, there are many solutions determined for tourism development of which protect and embellish environmental resources is focused. In detail, it said that “Paying attention to the treatment of wastewater and waste in hotels, restaurants, tourist resorts, industrial parks and service areas to protect the natural environment; regularly educate and raise awareness of local people and tourists about the role and significance of resources and the environment in tourism activities; maintain and promote trades, traditional craft villages and folk festivals.”

Other important tasks focus on sustainable forest development, enhancing livelihoods, increasing the rate of forest cover to adapt to climate change. Gia Lai province aims at increasing the area of new planted forest annually to over 8,000 hectares and the forest coverage to 47.75% by 2025.

District Plans

Kon Ka Kinh National Park is located in the territory of 3 districts namely Kbang, Mang Yang and Dak Doa in Gia Lai province. Socio-economic development plan of these districts are presented below.

Kbang is a district located in the northeast of Gia Lai province. The natural area of the district is 184,200 ha, accounting for 11.9% of the total area of the province. The whole district has 13 communes and 1 town, with 21 ethnic groups living together. In 2020, the population of the whole district was 66,307 people and the population density of the district was 35.99 people/km 2 (Statistical Yearbook 2020 of KBang district).

The five-year plan for socio-economic development for the period of 2021-2025 of Kbang district (in Report No. 288/BC- People’s Committee dated July 19, 2021 of Kbang District People’s Committee) includes the following objectives.

Ensure that the average growth rate of production value in the period 2020 – 2025 is 8.05%. Focus on agriculture – forestry – fishery (44.35%), industry – construction (27.42%) and trade – service (28.23%). Total social investment capital in the period 2020 – 2025 is expected to be 3,200 billion VND.Increasing the district’s budget revenue by an average of over 10% annually andincreasing per capita income to 47 million VND/person/year by 2025.

Ensure that the rate of poor households decreases by an average of 0.4% per year.The percentage of trained workers and the percentage of employees of working age are  expected to be 50%.The rate of people participating in health insurance is expected to be over 90%. Target annual natural population growth rate is about 1.129%.The number of schools meeting national standards is expected to be 44.The number of hospital beds per ten thousand people is expected to be 17.3 beds.

In the period of 2020-2025, the forest cover is expected to reach over 70.5%.Ensuring that the rate of households using hygienic water is over 99%.

Mang Yang is a district in the center of Gia Lai province, has an area of about 112,718 ha with the population of 67,799 people. Mang Yang district has 11 communes and 1 town. Production practices are still backward in some places and the living condition of ethnic minorities in remote areas is extremely difficult. The district has the potential to exploit mineral resources and eco-tourism, but due to limited infrastructure, it has not yet attracted investors.

The socio-economic development plan in the period of  2021-2025 of Mang Yang district (at the Document of the 17th Mang Yang District Party Committee Congress for the term 2020 – 2025 in December 2020) includes following key objectives:

In the period of 2021-2025, ensure that the average annual growth rate of production value is about 12.11%. Focus on agriculture – forestry – forestry – fishery (34.02%), industry – construction (38.67%) and services (27.31%). Increase annual state budget revenue by an average of 10%. Increase per capita income to 56 million VND/year by 2025. Increase the total crop area to over 25,090 hectares and the total livestock herd to over 59,600 heads.

Decrease the average annual poverty rate by 1% to 2% and lower than 5% by 2025. Increasing the number of schools meeting national standards to 31. Ensuring that each commune and township has at least 01 effective cooperative. Each commune and township would have at least 01 effective farmer association model. Increase the percentage of communes meeting national standards on health care to 100%. Increase the percentage of trained workers to over 33.2% and the percentage of households using electricity from the national grid to 100%.

Increase the area of newly planted forest in the period 2021-2025 by over 500 hectares and the forest coverage to over 49.57%. Increasing the percentage of households in urban areas using clean water to over 75% and the percentage of households in rural areas using hygienic water to over 99%.

Dak Doa is a district in the north of Gia Lai province, with an area of about 98,866 hectares and a population of 123,908 people in 2019. The district includes Dak Doa town and 16 communes. The five-year plan of socio-economic development, ensuring security and national defense for 2021-2025 of Dak Doa district (in Resolution No. 01/NQ/DH dated July 28, 2020 of the Dak Doa Party Committee congress. XVII, term 2020-2025) includes the following main objectives:

In the period 2020-2025, ensure that the average annual growth rate of production value is over 10%. Increase the proportion of industry, construction and services to over 60% by 2025.

 Decrease the poverty rate to lower than 3% by 2025. Increase the rate of trained workers to over 50% by 2025. Decrease the natural population growth rate to 1.25% by 2025.

Increase forest cover rate to over 31.5% by 2025. Ensure that most of the urban and rural population has access to clean and hygienic water.  Ensure that 100% of new production and business facilities apply clean production technology or invest capital in pollution reduction and waste treatment systems. Ensure that 100% of existing production facilities meets national environmental standards. Implementing solutions for restricting impacts of natural disasters and proactively and effectively responding to the impacts of climate change.

Commune Plans

Buffer zone of KKKNP includes 07 communes namely Kon Pne, Dak Roong, Krong (Kbang district), A Yun, Dak Jo Ta, Ha Ra (Mang Yang district) and Ha Dong commune (Dak Doa district). The key objectives of socio-economic development in the buffer zone communes of KKKNP are summarized in the following table.

Key objectives/indicators in socio-economic development in buffer zone communes of Kon Ka Kinh National Park

District Commune Key objectives of socio-economic development
Kbang Kon Pne Expanding area of planting medicinal plants and other crops.Developing models of planting fruit tree for replication.Supporting Agro-Forestry Service Cooperatives to operate effectively, form linkages in agriculture, associated with finding markets for products.
Kbang Kroong Annual average per capita income is expected to reach 42.5 million VND/year.Percentage of poor households is expected to decrease to below 5%.Ensure that percentage of households using clean and hygienic water reaches 98%.New area of planting forest: 150 ha
Kbang Dak Roong Annual average income per capita is expected to reach 45 million VND/year by 2025.Percentage of poor households is expected to decrease to below 5%.Percentage of trained worker will reach 50%.New area of planting forest: 150 ha.Percentage of households using clean and hygienic water will reach 100 %.Percentage of domestic solid waste collection and disposal will be 65%.
Mang Yang AYun Annual average per capita income is expected to reach 40 million VND/year.Introducing applicants to recruitment companies.Carrying works and making products for Dekjeng village tourism development.Concentrating on management of forest and mineral resources.
Mang Yang Đăk Jơ Ta Implementing reports of surveying and assessing properly situation of poor and near poor households.Continuing educating and raising community awareness of forest management and protection at villages and hamlets.Carrying forest management and protection and forest fire prevention and fighting.Implementing the village convention on forest protection that has been built.
Mang Yang HRa  Annual average income per capita will reach over 24 million VND/person/year.Decrease the rate of poor households to below 21%.The rate of people participating in health insurance in the commune will be over 80%.Health care in commune will meet the national standard.
Đak Đoa Ha Dong Continuing planting forest to achieve the assigned task (150 ha).Implementing solutions to meet criteria of new rural development.Actively educating and raising communities’ awareness of forest management and protection.Carrying forest management and protection, especially at the areas bordering with districts Chu Pah, Kon Ray and Daksomei commune; well managing forest areas in the commune.

The detailed natural and socio-economic situation and development of the buffer zone

1. Kon Pne commune (Kbang district)

Kon Pne commune is a remote and extremely difficult commune in Kbang district. The total natural area of the commune is 176,720 ha. By the end of 2020, the whole commune had 3 villages with 1495 people and a population density of 8.46 people/km 2 . The Bahnar ethnic group accounts for 93.7%, the Kinh ethnic group accounts for 5.54%, the other ethnic groups account for 0.75%. The poverty rate is about 8.18% and the near-poor is about 32.19%.

Concentrate on solutions to mobilize resources from the people to invest in socio-economic development. Expand the production area of medicinal plants and other crops. Apply scientific and high-tech advances to agro-forestry production. Build a model of fruit tree planting for large scale replication. Pay attention to supporting Agro-Forestry Service Cooperatives to operate effectively; form linkages in agriculture associated with finding consumer markets for products. Ensure social security, health care and improvement of people’s living standards. Maintain political security and ensure social order and safety.

2. Krong commune (Kbang district)

Krong commune belongs to Kbang district, Gia Lai province. Krong commune had 10 villages with an area of about 31,157 ha and a population of 5,406 people in 2020. The population density was about 17.35 people/km². Krong commune had 194 poor households with 830 people, accounting for 14.39% of the total population. The whole commune had 50 households doing all kinds of trade and services.

In the period of 2021-2025, increase per capita income to over 42.5 million VND/person/year. Ensure that per capita food is 2,000 kg/person/year. Increase local budget revenue by over 10%/year. Ensure that total planting area reaches 3,537 ha and total cattle herd reaches 5,938 heads.

Decrease the rate of poor households to lower than 5% and the rate of malnourished children under 5 years old to lower than 22.5%. Ensure that natural population growth rate is lower than 1.11%. Annual mobilization of children of school age is expected to reach 98%. Ensure that 100% of households have access to electricity. Ensure that 100% of villages meet cultural village standards. Increase the number of households using hygienic water to over 98%. In the period 2021-2025, the commune will newly plant 150 hectares of forest.

3. Dak Roong commune (Kbang district)

Dak Rong commune is a difficult commune located in the northwest of Kbang district. The whole commune has 11 hamlets and villages with 11 ethnic groups. The commune has a total natural area of about 33,953 hectares, with a total population of 3,901 people and the density is 11.49 people/km2. In 2020, the per capita income was about 38 million VND/person/year.

Economic restructuring focuses on agriculture – forest – fisheries (76.57%) and trade-services (22.43%). Ensure that per capita income reaches over 45 million VND/person/year by 2025. The total cultivated area is expected to be over 1,775 hectares. Increase livestock herd to over 4,640 heads and poultry flock to over 8,700 heads. Developed 03 OCOP (One commune one product) products.

Decrease the rate of poor households to lower than 5% and the rate of malnourished children under 5 years old to lower than 15%. Ensure that the proportion of people participating in health insurance reaches over 95% and the rate of trained workers is over 50%. Ensure that the percentage of households using electricity reaches 100%. Ensure that the percentage of households using hygienic water reaches 100% and the rate of domestic waste collected and treated reaches over 65%. In the period 2021-2025, the whole commune can newly plant 150 hectares of forest.

4. A Yun commune (Mang Yang district)

Ayun commune is located in the northeast of Mang Yang district. The total natural area of the commune is 8,965.56 ha, mainly forest land (62%). The total population of the commune has been 6777 people and population density has been 77 people/km². The whole commune has had 09 villages and hamlets, including 05 villages of ethnic minorities. The main economy of the commune is agricultural production with the number of employees working in agriculture accounting for over 50%.

Increase per capita income to over 40 million VND/person/year. Ensure that the total planting area reaches over 1,890 ha. Concentrate on the management of forest and mineral resources. Develop livestock herd and poultry flock in quantity and quality.

Implement works and products to develop tourism in Dekjeng village. Well perform the work of medical examination and treatment, disease prevention and control. Implement a plan on ensuring food safety in the commune. Decrease the rate of malnourished children under 5 years old. Decrease the annual rate of natural population growth. Increase the rate of employed workers.

5. Dak Jo Ta commune (Mang Yang district)

Dak JoTa commune is located in the north of Mang Yang district, with a natural area of 11,258.83 hectares. In 2018, the commune’s population was 2820 people, the number of ethnic minority households was 515 (75.84%) and the population density of the commune was 24.9 people/km 2 . The whole commune has had 03 hamlets and villages, including Bong Pim village, village 3, De Bo Tuk village. Dak JoTa commune is a difficult commune in ethnic minority and mountainous areas.

Main objectives of socio-economic development

  1. Economic development

Continue to invest effectively in the planted area; Strengthen plant disease prevention and control measures; Orient and guid people to choose varieties for planting suitable to the local climate and soil; Maintain the existing area of perennial industrial crops; Change the model of growing fruit trees; Maintain and develop livestock herd and poultry flock; Increase the proportion of livestock and poultry.

b) Culture – Society

Continue to maintain and improve the quality of preschool education universalization for 5-year-old children, primary education universalization and lower secondary education universalization. Well perform medical examination and treatment, disease prevention, food hygiene and safety. Decrease the rate of malnourished children under 5 years old according to the plan. Well performing the synthesis of survey reports, review reports and assessment reports on the situation of poor and near-poor households in the area. Continue to promote child protection and care activities; strengthen the prevention and control of drowning, violence and abuse of children in the locality. Strengthen propaganda and dissemination of policies and laws on gender equality.

Continue to implement forest management and protection and forest fire prevention and fighting and raise community awareness of forest protection at villages and hamlets. Direct Working Group 12 to regularly inspect and remind households not to exploit, trade, transport forest products, clear forests or encroach on forest land for swidden cultivation. Educate and mobilize people not to harvest natural forest trees and plant them as pepper posts and passion fruit poles because these acts are illegal. Well implement the forest protection convention that has been established; ensure that forest fires would not occur in dry season of 2021.

6. H’Ra commune – Mang Yang district

Hra is a commune in Mang Yang district with a natural area of 184.5 km2 , a population of 5,737 people and a population density of 31 people/km 2 (2006).

Main objectives of socio-economic development

  1. Economy

Strengthen support for agro-forestry production in the commune.

b) Culture – Society

Build more community houses for cultural activities and concrete roads in residential areas. Strengthen investment support for the preschool education system.

c) Environment

Support to build toilets and drilled wells with solar energy for some households.

7. Ha Dong commune – Dak Doa district

Ha Dong is a commune in Dak Doa district, with an area of 196.08 km² and 920 households (in 2020).

Key socio-economic development objectives (data not available for the period of 2021-2025)

a) Economy

Concentrate on mobilizing people to use all the agricultural land for planting and farming; guide people to take care of crops and effectively implementing afforestation. Continue to  implement solutions to meet the criteria of new rural development. Accelerate the completion of construction documents for basic construction works. Strengthen supervision and quality assurance of works.Ensure that budget revenue in the commune reaches the target assigned by the district.

b) Culture – Society

Mobilize students to come to class; ensure the maintenance of the number of students.Ensure timely medical examination, treatment and first aid for patients when they come to the Health Station for medical examination. Strengthen the state management of religion.Well implement the distribution of population, population rearrangement associated with sedentary cultivation in villages and hamlets.

c) Environment

Raise community awareness of forest protection and actively patrol for forest protection, resolutely prevent any incidents of violations of the Forest Law, especially in areas bordering with other localities. Well manage forest areas in the commune and prevent encroachment on forest land for swidden cultivation.

ANNEX 11

Plan for using land from 2021 to 2030 of KKKNP

(Unit: ha)

No. Soil type Code Current status of total area Summary of the 10-year land use plan of forest owners for the period of 2021-2030
2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
I Total land area managed by forest owners   41,913.78 41,913.78 41,913.78 41,913.78 41,913.78 41,913.78 41,913.78 41,913.78 41,913.78 41,913.78 41,913.78
1 Agricultural land NNP 41,786.48 41,786.48 41,786.48 41,786.48 41,786.48 41,786.48 41,786.48 41,786.48 41,786.48 41,786.48 41,786.48
1.1 Land for agricultural production Women’s production 341.23 341.23 341.23 341.23 341.23 341.23 341.23 341.23 341.23 341.23 341.23
– Annual cropland area HK 341.23 341.23 341.23 341.23 341.23 341.23 341.23 341.23 341.23 341.23 341.23
1.1.2 Land for perennial crops CLN 0.00                    
1.2 Forestry land LNP 41,445.25 41,445.25 41,445.25 41,445.25 41,445.25 41,445.25 41,445.25 41,445.25 41,445.25 41,445.25 41,445.25
1.2.1 Productive forest land RSX 0.00                    
1.2.2 Protection forest land RPH 0.00                    
– Special-use forest land RDD 41,445.25 41,445.25 41,445.25 41,445.25 41,445.25 41,445.25 41,445.25 41,445.25 41,445.25 41,445.25 41,445.25
2 Non-agricultural land PNN 116.19 116.19 116.19 116.19 116.19 116.19 116.19 116.19 116.19 116.19 116.19
2.1 Specialized land CDG 116.19 116.19 116.19 116.19 116.19 116.19 116.19 116.19 116.19 116.19 116.19
2.2.1 Land for building office headquarters TSC 8.23 8.23 8.23 8.23 8.23 8.23 8.23 8.23 8.23 8.23 8.23
2.2.2 Land for public purposes CCC 6.28 6.28 6.28 6.28 6.28 6.28 6.28 6.28 6.28 6.28 6.28
2.2.3 Land of rivers, streams, canals and streams SON 101.68 101.68 101.68 101.68 101.68 101.68 101.68 101.68 101.68 101.68 101.68
3 Unused land CSD 11.11 11.11 11.11 11.11 11.11 11.11 11.11 11.11 11.11 11.11 11.11
– Unused hilly land DCS 11.11 11.11 11.11 11.11 11.11 11.11 11.11 11.11 11.11 11.11 11.11

ANNEX 12

The airport system that helps visitors to the Park for international and domestic visitors includes:

Road Traffic

The geographical location of the Kon Ka Kinh AHP is very convenient to access via the road transport system. The park is located in Ayun commune, Mang Yang district with most of the tourist attractions concentrated near the office of the Park Management Board and 15 km far from Kon Dong town. The road traffic system to access the Park smoothly connects to all cities of Vietnam through National Highway 1 and National Highway 19 and connects to ASEAN countries through AH17. National highways 1 and 19 are roads of high quality standard suitable for speeds of 90 – 120 km/h, so they are completely convenient for traveling from coastal tourist spots or the capital Pleiku to the park.

ANNEX 13

Decision No. 637/QD-UBND dated August 17, 2017 of Gia Lai Provincial People’s Committee on approving the project “Eco-tourism in Kon Ka Kinh National Park to 2020 with a vision to 2030 ” is the basis for the park to build ecotourism development activities as well as leasing forests to serve tourism business activities.

Article 21 of Decree 117/2010/ND-CP on “Organization and management of special-use forest system” regulate on sustainable exploitation and use of non-timber plant species. This is the basis for communities living near the forest to exploit non-timber forest products such as rattan, bamboo shoots, medicinal plants to serve their daily lives. However, non-timber forest product exploitation must be carried out only in ecological restoration and administrative subdivisions and must ensure sustainable exploitation.

ANNEX 14

SWOT Analysis for tourism development

KKKNP has a lot of potentials to develop tourism activities; however, there are also challenges and difficulties for effective and sustainable tourism development. SWOT analysis for current tourism activities in the Park is described below.

Strength Weakness
Easily access the park through the air and road system;The park has a strategic location in terms of geography and traffic;The park has been paid attention and focused to invest in tourism development by Gia Lai province;The park has unique and wonderful landscapes and diverse ecosystems with high value conservation fauna and flora species for attracting tourists’ discovery. One of the tourist attractions that attracts young people and those who like walking to conquer heights of mountains is Kon Ka Kinh peak;Bahnar people has the developed culture and imbued with identity which is famous for Gong culture, brocade weaving, grave leaving festival, etc.Research tourism is also a form with strong and promising potential to develop thanks to the mystery and richness of the ecosystem of Kon Ka Kinh NP. In general, commercial and service activities have not been developed; selling goods, services, food, or materials and supplying accommodation have not been the main livelihoods of people in the buffer zone.Lack of infrastructure for tourism.The National park is located rather far from the center of residential areas.Although the Center for Environmental Education and Forest Environmental Services is assigned to organize tourism activities in the Park, until now, it has not had to fulfill its responsibilities very much; it has only carried out some activities such as documenting statistical information on the number of tourists visiting the Park.The park lacks human resources that have enough professional qualification in exploiting tourism potentials of the Park as well as managing and developing tourism activitiesIndigenous culture of Bahnar and other ethnic minority groups has been facing to the risk of disappearing and being influenced by Kinh people’s culture.There have not been still many travel and tourism companies that are interested in developing tour to KKK NP.
Opportunity Threat
Gia Lai Provincial People’s Committee has determined to develop tourism into a spearhead economic sector in orientation of economic-social development for the period of 2021-2025. As a result, Kon Ka Kinh NP is focused to invest in tourism infrastructure development as well as tourism development promotion solutions. Decision No. 637/QD-UBND dated August 17, 2017 of Gia Lai Provincial People’s Committee on approving the project “Eco-tourism in Kon Ka Kinh National Park to 2020 with a vision to 2030 ” is the basis for the park to build ecotourism development activities.Type of tourisms such as eco-tourism, research tourism, cultural tourism, etc become more and more friendly with nature, sustainable and favorite to both domestic and foreign touristsInvestment in works for ecotourism integrated with environmental education Waste from visitors/tourist service activities (dining, entertainment, entertainment, outdoor camping, ..);Environmental pollution includes noise pollution that may cause remarkable impacts on wild animals;Building roads can result in loss of natural habitats;Man-made works can cause loss of natural landscape beauty if the architecture is not suitable. Social evils associated with tourism/visitors.Risk of wildlife trade for tourists (restaurants, souvenirs, medicines from rare plants and animals, ..)

SWOT Analysis for biodiversity conservation

SWOT analysis for biodiversity conservation in KKK National Park is described below.

Strength Weakness
The policy of payment for forest environmental services has been an important financial resource contributing positively to the management and protection of forests and biodiversity conservation in Kon Ka Kinh National ParkThrough a comprehensive and continuous forest survey, Kon Ka Kinh National Park has provided sufficient information on the quantity, quality and trends of the forest changes in relation to other socioeconomic activities Lack of human resources with high professional qualification on forest protection and biodiversity conservationLocal people’s low level of awareness and compliance with law and regulations on forestry;Effectiveness of community-based forest protection forces in villages is still low;Lack of facilities for forest management and protection and forest fire prevention and fighting; Capacity of local forces for forest management and protection and forest fire prevention and fighting is still weak and the local forces expresses its passivityNot much attention paid in investment in professional training and rehearsals of forest management and protection plans and forest fire prevention and fighting
Opportunity Threat
Biodiversity conservation has been considered as one of important conditions to ensure the sustainable development. Human being has put in place biodiversity conservation targets to achieve. Therefore, providing great opportunities for collaboration research/project on biodiversity in the Park. Illegal logging and encroachment of forestland.Short of human resources while the management area is large, thus illegal exploitation of forest products still occurs.High risk of forest fires in the long dry season (6 months).Local people’s livelihoods depending on forest creates pressure on forest resources and biodiversity conservation of Kon Ka Kinh National Park.

SWOT Analysis for livelihood development

SWOT analysis for livelihood development in KKKNP is described below.

Strength Weakness
Tourism development potential brings opportunities for local people to develop and improve their livelihoodsSupport for socio-economic development in the buffer zone from the Government’s Decision No. 24/2012/QD-TTg The buffer zone of Kon Ka Kinh National Park has an abundant labor force.The communes in the buffer zone of Kon Ka Kinh Park have received a lot of support from NGOs and civil society organizations (CSOs) for supporting local people to stabilize their livesPFES payment partly improves income of 772 Bahnar ethnic minority households Backward farming practices The ability of applying scientific and technical knowledge in production and business is still limited.Local people’s bad habits hard to break are hunting and trading of wild animals, exploitation of timber and non-timber forest products, livestock grazing in the bordering areas, etc.Lack of effective livelihood development and agroforestry models.Most of the workers are engaged in farming, only a few are engaged in both farming and other side jobs with low average income and jobs are unstable.Vulnerable to natural disasters and climate change.Low level of accessing to education and quality of health care, examining and treating diseases for people is not good
Opportunity Threat
Policies of the government for supporting buffer zone development.Attention of international organizations for PA conservation and developmentThe park still has 3 types of unpaid PFES and income from PFES and tourism activities tends to be improved Impacts of climate change on agricultural productionPressure from growing population in the situation of lacking productive land and indigenous labor force with low qualityFood security in the buffer zone communes

ANNEX 15

Technical and adaptive challenges

Technical and adaptive challengesTechnical challenges:A technical challenge is a challenge that can be addressed with existing expertise, protocols, and operations. Implementing solutions to technical challenges often falls to someone with the authority to address them.Technical training (i.e. using a manual and new equipment) can resolve the problem.Adaptive challenges:Encounter situations for which solutions lie outside the current way of operation, and possibly, thinking.Applying existing procedures and understanding does not provide the solution needed.Stakeholders must be involved in developing and implementing solutions.Solutions lie not in the application of expertise, but rather from a process of learning and adapting.Addressing adaptive challenges requires trying solutions that are new and maybe quite different. Inherent in addressing adaptive challenges are the need to become comfortable with not knowing what the next move might be, dealing with uncertainty.It is necessary to think (institutionally, individually, collectively…) what we should continue to do, what we should start to do and, critically, what we might need to stop doing… Addressing adaptive challenges may require the transfer of power (the ability to make decisions and to influence future events) from one party to another.Normally require expert thinking, which is the ability to solve non-rule-based problems.Addressing adaptive challenges requires solutions that are new and maybe quite different. Inherent in adaptive work is the need to become comfortable with not knowing what the next move might be. Adaptive challenges require time for adaptive solutions to have an effect and stakeholders cannot expect to react too quickly because of the discomfort that comes with not knowing.Adapted from:  Heifetz, Ronald A.; Leadership Without Easy Answers (Belknap/Harvard University Press, 1994) 

ANNEX 16

Prioritizing communes

Name of Commune 1. Poverty 2. % of households belonging to ethnic minorities 3. Level of threat to biodiversity 4. Proximity to AHP boundary 5. Accessibility 6. Conflicts with AHP authority 7. Absence of governance, land and/or resources disputes Total Score
Kon Pne 2 5 5 5 1 5 4 27
Kroong 3 4 4 5 5 4 4 29
Dak Roong 1 5 3 5 5 3 5 27
AYun 3 1 1 3 3 1 5 17
Dak Jo Ta 5 3 5 5 4 5 2 29
HRa 5 5 4 2 5 4 4 29
Ha Dong 5 5 4 5 1 5 1 26

ANNEX 17

Small grant package ranking

Intervention package Contribution to biodiversity conservation Improving the living conditions of people Capacity and support of the communities, NPs, NGOs and other institution   Gender and job creation for young people Contribution to resiliency of communities (especially towards climate change)   Cost efficiency Achievable results in the short and medium term Total score Priority category
A Highest Priority Measures
A1 General Park Management – Capacity building of AHP management in grant proposal identification, writing and grant management. 4 3 4 2 5 5 4 27 5
A2 Wildlife research and biodiversity monitoring – Strengthening capacities in survey, monitoring and reporting 5 3 5 1 5 5 5 29 5
A3 Wildlife research and biodiversity monitoring – Monitoring the efficacy of regeneration and forest enrichment interventions. 5 3 4 1 4 5 5 27 5
A4 Wildlife Research and Monitoring – Strengthening connectivity 5 2 4 1 5 5 5 27 5
A5 Wildlife research and biodiversity monitoring – Species recovery plans 5 2 5 1 5 5 5 27 5
A6 Community outreach and conservation awareness – Training in outreach and community relations for AHP staffs 5 5 4 3 4 4 5 30 5
A7 Community outreach and conservation awareness – Awareness programme on KKKNP natural values. 5 5 4 3 4 4 5 30 5
A8 Community outreach and conservation awareness – Climate change awareness programme. 5 5 5 2 5 5 5 32 5
A9 Community Development – Support for Women’s groups 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 34 5
A10 Community Development – Supports for development of sustainable agriculture 3 5 5 3 5 4 4 29 5
A11 Community Development – Support for commune cooperatives 3 5 5 5 5 4 4 31 5
A12 Community Development – Commercialisation of NTFPs. 3 5 5 5 3 3 3 27 5
A13 Community Development – Skill training of Bahnar basket weaving, brocade and music instrument production 1 5 5 5 3 4 4 27 5
A14 Community Development – Small scale (village and individual) composting. 1 5 4 3 5 4 5 27 5
A15 Community Development – Micro-support for community development 2 5 5 4 4 4 5 28 5
A16 Ecotourism– Development of visitor information and facilities for KKKNP 5 5 3 2 4 5 5 29 5
A17 Ecotourism – Workshops on sustainable ecotourism 5 5 4 3 4 4 5 30 5
A18Ecotourism – Ecotourism website of KKKNP 5 3 4 2 4 4 5 27 5
B High Priority Measures
B1 General Park Management – Participatory Threat reduction Assessment. 4 2 2 1 3 4 5 21 4
B2 General Park Management – English language skills training for AHP staffs 4 3 2 2 2 4 4 21 4
B3 General Park Management – Capacity building for financial planning of AHP 5 2 3 1 1 5 5 21 4
B4 Ecotourism- Promotion and development of local products, traditional handicraft and techniques 3 3 2 3 2 4 5 22 4
B5 Ecotourism – Training of AHP staff on ecotourism management and pparticipatory threat reduction 5 3 4 1 2 4 4 23 4
B6 Ecotourism and biodiversity conservation awareness- Exchange trip to other National Parks on the topic of ecotourism and destination management, and enhance co-operation between national parks, private sector and international institutions 4 3 4 1 3 4 4 23 4
B7 Ecotourism – Training of nature tour guides (with specification on primates) 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 24 4
B8 Ecotourism – Awareness raising campaign to promote sustainable ecotourism 4 2 3 3 4 2 4 22 4
B9 Ecotourism – Biodiversity Day 4 3 4 2 3 2 4 22 4
B10 Ecotourism – Promotion of cultural / traditional heritage of KKKNP 2 3 3 2 1 3 3 21 4
C Moderate Priority Measures
C1 Community Development – Strenthenning value chain approach for NTFP, local agricultural and traditional products 1 5 4 4 2 3 3 20 3
C2 Ecotourism – Capacity Building of minorities (esp. women) in commercialization of rural and nature-based tourism using social media platforms 2 4 3 4 1 3 3 20 3
C3 Ecotourism – Development of primate souvenirs as part of KKKNP branding 1 4 1 4 2 4 4 20 3

[1]Cited from Anna Sundby, Norbert Raschke (2020): FPIC Guidance for Projects Supported by Geothermal Risk Mitigation Facility for Eastern Africa, KfW Development Bank, 0467431 / 086, 03 August 2020

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